Cooperation in R&D as a leading indicator of innovative activity growth

Purpose: The article is focused on new trends in cooperation activity in research and development in the manufacturing industries of Russia. Various types of cooperation are considered, special attention is paid to research organizations and universities. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the context of this issue, it seems necessary to consider the conceptual framework and information basis for the analysis of scientific activity, to study the problems of scientific and technical cooperation, based on the works of foreign and domestic scientists and to develop indicators of cooperative activities. Finding: Authors proposed to rank the regions of Russia by the level of cooperation activity based on a specially developed hidden indicator. Comparison of the results obtained with regional layers of the costs of R&D suggests that joint research and development activities are typical for those regions that pay considerable attention to development of science. Ranking regions of Russia in terms of cooperative activity allowed identifying the leaders and outsiders of this process. Practical implications: The results of the study can be used in the development of measures of regional development of the country in the implementation of R&D. Originality/Value: To study the impact of the resource base on the cooperative activities of the organization, the authors proposed a composite indicator that includes a wide range of indicators that consider various aspects of cooperative activity.This work was supported by a grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research №18-010-00564 Modern Tendencies and Social and Economic Consequences of Digital Technologies Development in Russia.peer-reviewe

Impact of Alu repeats on the evolution of human p53 binding sites

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The p53 tumor suppressor protein is involved in a complicated regulatory network, mediating expression of ~1000 human genes. Recent studies have shown that many p53 <it>in vivo </it>binding sites (BSs) reside in transposable repeats. The relationship between these BSs and functional p53 response elements (REs) remains unknown, however. We sought to understand whether the p53 REs also reside in transposable elements and particularly in the most-abundant Alu repeats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have analyzed ~160 functional p53 REs identified so far and found that 24 of them occur in repeats. More than half of these repeat-associated REs reside in Alu elements. In addition, using a position weight matrix approach, we found ~400,000 potential p53 BSs in Alu elements genome-wide. Importantly, these putative BSs are located in the same regions of Alu repeats as the functional p53 REs - namely, in the vicinity of Boxes A/A' and B of the internal RNA polymerase III promoter. Earlier nucleosome-mapping experiments showed that the Boxes A/A' and B have a different chromatin environment, which is critical for the binding of p53 to DNA. Here, we compare the Alu-residing p53 sites with the corresponding Alu consensus sequences and conclude that the p53 sites likely evolved through two different mechanisms - the sites overlapping with the Boxes A/A' were generated by CG → TG mutations; the other sites apparently pre-existed in the progenitors of several Alu subfamilies, such as AluJo and AluSq. The binding affinity of p53 to the Alu-residing sites generally correlates with the age of Alu subfamilies, so that the strongest sites are embedded in the 'relatively young' Alu repeats.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The primate-specific Alu repeats play an important role in shaping the p53 regulatory network in the context of chromatin. One of the selective factors responsible for the frequent occurrence of Alu repeats in introns may be related to the p53-mediated regulation of Alu transcription, which, in turn, influences expression of the host genes.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This paper was reviewed by Igor B. Rogozin (nominated by Pavel A. Pevzner), Sandor Pongor, and I. King Jordan.</p

Metamaterials: optical activity without chirality

We report that the classical phenomenon of optical activity, which is traditionally associated with chirality (helicity) of organic molecules, proteins, and inorganic structures, can be observed in artificial planar media which exhibit neither 3D nor 2D chirality. We observe the effect in the microwave and optical parts of the spectrum at oblique incidence to regular arrays of nonchiral subwavelength metamolecules in the form of strong circular dichroism and birefringence indistinguishable from those of chiral three-dimensional media

The development of the theory of instantaneous power of three-phase network in terms of network centrism

Purpose. Information technologies allow multidimensional analysis of information about the state of the power system in a single information space in terms of providing network-centric approach to control and use of unmanned aerial vehicles as tools for condition monitoring of three-phase network. Methodology. The idea of energy processes in three independent (rather than four dependent) curves vector-functions with values in the arithmetic three-dimensional space adequately for both 4-wire and 3–wire circuits. The presence of zero sequence current structural (and mathematically) features a 4-wire scheme of energy from a 3-wire circuit. The zero sequence voltage caused by the displacement of the zero voltage phases. Offset zero in the calculations can be taken into account by appropriate selection of the reference voltages. Both of these energetic phenomena with common methodical positions are described in the framework of the general mathematical model, in which a significant role is played by the ort zero sequence. Results. Vector approach with a unified voice allows us to obtain and analyze new energy characteristics for 4–wire and 3–wire circuits in sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal mode, both in temporal and frequency domain. Originality. Symmetric sinusoidal mode is balanced, even with non-zero reactive power. The converse is not true. The mode can be balanced and unbalanced load. The mode can be balanced and unbalanced voltage. Practical value. Assessing balance in network mode and the impact of instantaneous power on the magnitude of the losses, will allow to avoid the appearance of zero sequence and, thus, to improve the quality of electricity.Обеспечение сетецентрического подхода к режиму управления трехфазной сетью и оценка сбалансированности режима сети с учетом влияния мгновенной мощности на величину потерь даст возможность исключить появление нулевой последовательности и, тем самым, повысить качество электроэнергии

Network-centric technologies for control of three-phase network operation modes

Purpose. The development of the control system for three-phase network is based on intelligent technologies of network-centric control of heterogeneous objects. The introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring of three-phase network increases the efficiency of management. Methodology. The case of decomposition of the instantaneous capacities of the fixed and variable components for 3-wire system. The features of power balance for the different modes of its functioning. It should be noted that symmetric sinusoidal mode is balanced and good, but really unbalanced, if the standard reactive power is not zero. To solve the problem of compensation is sufficient knowledge of the total value of the inactive components of full power (value of the inactive power) without detail. The creation of a methodology of measurement and assessment will require knowledge of the magnitudes of each inactive component separately, which leads to the development of a unified approach to the measurement and compensation of inactive components of full power and the development of a generalized theory of power. Results. Procedure for the compensation of the current of zero sequence excludes from circuit the source, as the active component of instantaneous power of zero sequence, and a vector due to a current of zero sequence. This procedure is performed without time delay as it does not require integration. Only a 3–wire system with symmetrical voltage eliminates pulsations and symmetrization of the equivalent conductances of the phases of the task. Under asymmetric voltage, the power is different, its analysis requires the creation of a vector mathematical model of the energy processes of asymmetrical modes of 3–phase systems. Originality. The proposed method extends the basis of the vector method for any zero sequence voltages and shows that the various theories of instantaneous power three wired scheme due to the choice of a basis in a two-dimensional subspace. Practical value. The algorithm and software implementation for the decomposition of the zero sequence current, which allocated the procedure of obtaining null-balanced vectors of phase and interfacial voltage, calculation of active and inactive instantaneous power is zero balanced mode. The simulation results obtained in the software package Matlab by the method of visual programming in Simulink.Интеграция интеллектуальных и сетецентрических технологий в процесс управления режимами работы трехфазной сети обеспечивают оперативность компенсации нелинейностей в системе за счет ортогонального разложения тока и использования метода базисных функций для минимизации потерь

СЕТЕЦЕНТРИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕЖИМАМИ РАБОТЫ ТРЕХФАЗНОЙ СЕТИ

Purpose. The development of the control system for three-phase network is based on intelligent technologies of network-centric control of heterogeneous objects. The introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring of three-phase network increases the efficiency of management. Methodology. The case of decomposition of the instantaneous capacities of the fixed and variable components for 3-wire system. The features of power balance for the different modes of its functioning. It should be noted that symmetric sinusoidal mode is balanced and good, but really unbalanced, if the standard reactive power is not zero. To solve the problem of compensation is sufficient knowledge of the total value of the inactive components of full power (value of the inactive power) without detail. The creation of a methodology of measurement and assessment will require knowledge of the magnitudes of each inactive component separately, which leads to the development of a unified approach to the measurement and compensation of inactive components of full power and the development of a generalized theory of power. Results. Procedure for the compensation of the current of zero sequence excludes from circuit the source, as the active component of instantaneous power of zero sequence, and a vector due to a current of zero sequence. This procedure is performed without time delay as it does not require integration. Only a 3–wire system with symmetrical voltage eliminates pulsations and symmetrization of the equivalent conductances of the phases of the task. Under asymmetric voltage, the power is different, its analysis requires the creation of a vector mathematical model of the energy processes of asymmetrical modes of 3–phase systems. Originality. The proposed method extends the basis of the vector method for any zero sequence voltages and shows that the various theories of instantaneous power three wired scheme due to the choice of a basis in a two-dimensional subspace. Practical value. The algorithm and software implementation for the decomposition of the zero sequence current, which allocated the procedure of obtaining null-balanced vectors of phase and interfacial voltage, calculation of active and inactive instantaneous power is zero balanced mode. The simulation results obtained in the software package Matlab by the method of visual programming in Simulink.Интеграция интеллектуальных и сетецентрических технологий в процесс управления режимами работы трехфазной сети обеспечивают оперативность компенсации нелинейностей в системе за счет ортогонального разложения тока и использования метода базисных функций для минимизации потерь

Environmental and economic efficiency of recycling industrial waste in the Urals

Переоценка ценностей современного общества обусловила принципиальную трансформацию моделей экономического развития, стратегическим вектором которой является экологизация всех видов промышленной деятельности. Особо актуальна эта проблема для регионов индустриальной специализации, в частности, для Урала, где экологическая нагрузка на территорию во многом определяется функционированием горно-металлургического комплекса как основного источника техногенных образований. В связи с этим целью исследования является разработка методического подхода к оценке эколого-экономической эффективности технологических решений в области переработки техногенного сырья. Методология исследования базируется на теории эффективности промышленного производства, теории устойчивого развития и концептуальных принципах циркулярной экономики. При разработке методического инструментария оценки эффективности использованы методы сравнительного, структурно-логического, экономико-статистического анализа, реальных опционов. Проведен сопоставительный анализ и выявлены разнонаправленные тенденции образования, утилизации, накопления отходов горно-металлургического производства России и Среднего Урала за период с 2013 г. по 2019 г. Показана уникальность техногенных ресурсов Урала с точки зрения их многокомпонентного состава, включая стратегически важные черные, цветные и редкоземельные металлы. Это во многом обусловило гипотезу исследования о предпочтительном инструментарии оценки эффективности переработки техногенных образований на основе методологии реальных опционов. Систематизация имеющихся подходов к оценке экологоэкономической эффективности переработки техногенных ресурсов позволила обосновать нецелесообразность использования традиционных методов ее оценки только на базе стоимостных показателей. Предложен функциональный методический подход к оценке эффективности, основанный на методологии реальных опционов. Сформированы его основные этапы, разработан алгоритм оценки эколого-экономической эффективности переработки техногенного сырья. Выделены реальные опционы в сфере переработки техногенных ресурсов металлургического производства, моделирующие варианты управленческих решений в меняющихся условиях. Универсальность разработанного методического подхода, учитывающего как неопределенность внешней среды, так и требования наилучших доступных технологий, позволяет его рекомендовать при выборе эффективных инвестиционных проектов переработки техногенных ресурсов.A change in values of modern society has led to the transformation of economic development models based on the greening of industrial activities. This problem is particularly relevant for industrial regions, including the Urals, where environmental pressure mostly depends on the mining and metallurgical industry, which is a source of industrial waste. In this regard, we develop a methodology for assessing environmental and economic efficiency of technological solutions for processing industrial raw materials. The research methodology is based on the theory of industrial production efficiency, sustainable development theory and circular economy principles. To assess the efficiency, we applied the methods of comparative, structural and logical, economic and statistical analysis, as well as real options method. The comparative analysis revealed various trends in the generation, recycling, and accumulation of waste from mining and smelting activities in the whole Russia and the Middle Urals in the period 2013-2019. The industrial waste of the Urals is unique in terms of its multicomponent composition, including ferrous, non-ferrous and rare-earth metals. Thus, the real options method is optimal for assessing the efficiency of recycling industrial waste. The analysis of the approaches to the assessment of environmental and economic efficiency confirmed that traditional methods based on cost indicators are unreliable compared to the real options method. We described the main stages of this method and developed an algorithm for assessing environmental and economic efficiency of processing industrial raw materials. Further, we identified the real options for processing industrial resources of steel production that influence managerial decisions in a changing environment. Due to the versatility of the developed method, which considers both external uncertainty and requirements of advanced technologies, we recommend using this method for selecting effective investment projects aimed at processing industrial raw materials.Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта РФФИ №20-010-00719 А «Моделирование процессов кроссиндустриальной сетизации в промышленном комплексе на основе гибридных технологий».The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the grant No. 20–010–00719 A “Modelling the processes of cross-industrial networkization in the industry based on hybrid technologies”

РАЗРАБОТКА КОМПОЗИТНОГО ИНДИКАТОРА ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЕЛИЧИНЫ И ДИНАМИКИ ЦИФРОВОГО НЕРАВЕНСТВА В РОССИИ

The authors attempted to establish methodology for constructing composite indicator to estimate the value and dynamic characteristics of the digital inequality. The trend of the modern development of the countries all over world is the course on the formation of the digital economy and the development of socio-economic relations based on digital interactions. In this regard the adoption of the «Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030» and the program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» proves to be relevant. The more so in the context of quite a noticeable socio-economic differentiation, there is a risk of the «digital divide» effect of the Russian regions, which will create additional difficulties for their development.After a brief historical overview of science and technology development stages (related to the digital economy) of the last decade and the reflection of this process in the scientific and professional literature and state programs of a number of countries, the authors review evolutionary aspects and challenges associated with implementation of programs such as the Nationwide program for informatization of society in Russia. The consolidated index of readiness of Russian regions to the information society, proposed by the Institute for the Development of the Information Society, has a number of shortcomings, which hinders its direct use for assessing digital inequality and comparing the regions of Russia according to the level of informatization in dynamics. The article examines the possibility of implementing the author’s idea of the improved integral indicator that would allow studying not only the development of the information society and Information and communication technologies (ICT) as a whole but also the interregional digital divide. The development of the new index considered the possibility of reflecting the degree of access of the population to ICT in the regions, taking into account technological factors.Авторами предпринята попытка обосновать методологию построения композитного индикатора для измерения величины и динамических характеристик цифрового неравенства в России. Во введении аргументируется положение, в соответствии с которым трендом современного развития ведущих стран мира стал курс на формирование цифровой экономики и развитие социально-экономических отношений на основе цифровых взаимодействий. В этой связи подчеркивается актуальность принятие «Стратегия развития информационного общества в Российской Федерации на 2017-2030 годы» и программы «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации», так как в условиях достаточно заметной социально-экономической дифференциации существует риск возникновения эффекта «цифрового разрыва» российских регионов, что создаст дополнительные трудности для их развития.После краткого исторического экскурса по этапам научно-технологического развития последних десятилетий, связанного с цифровой экономикой, и отражения этого процесса в научно-профессиональной литературе и государственных программах ряда стран рассматривается вопрос об особенностях эволюции и трудностях реализации в России таких программ, как например, Общегосударственная программа информатизации общества. Предложенный Институтом развития информационного общества сводный Индекс готовности регионов России к информационному обществу обладает рядом недостатков, что препятствует его непосредственному использованию для оценки цифрового неравенства и сопоставления регионов России по уровню информатизации в динамике. В статье рассмотрена возможность реализации авторской идеи о модернизированном сводном индикаторе, который способен не только измерить развитие информационного общества и информационно-коммуникационные технологии (ИКТ) в целом, но и цифровое межрегиональное неравенство, когда учитываются возможности населения регионов к использованию ИКТ с учетом технологических факторов

Assessment of the antifungal activity of the violacein-forming strain Janthinobacterium sp. B-3515 against the mould fungus Alternaria brassicicola F-1864

A study of antifungal properties of violacein-forming strain Janthinobacterium sp. B-3515 as well as its secondary metabolite, violacein, against Alternaria brassicicola F-1864 is presented. Regardless of the presence of bacteria, mycelium growth in the first two days proceeded at the same rate. The effect of the bacterial strain was manifested after the third day of incubation. In general, during co-culture, the bacterial strain statistically significantly reduced the average growth of the mycelium of the mould fungus by 10